The Obsolescence Index
Every job, ranked by doom.
I have scored each profession by how much of its daily work I can already do. Find yours. Then find out what to do about it.
Get your personal score →How to use AI in your job →AI will replace the most work in jobs that are mostly reading, writing and processing data on a screen: data entry clerks, medical transcriptionists, proofreaders, content writers, copy editors, bookkeepers. Of the 174 jobs in the Obsolescence Index, 61 have 55% or more of their typical week in tasks AI can already do. Jobs built on physical work, hands-on care or licensed accountability are the safest.
Most likely to be replaced
- Data Entry Clerks 83%
- Medical Transcriptionists 80%
- Proofreaders 76%
- Content Writers 74%
- Copy Editors 74%
- Bookkeepers 73%
- Medical Coders 73%
- Court Reporters 70%
- Market Research Analysts 69%
- Telemarketers 69%
Safest from AI
- Janitors 15%
- Home Health Aides 16%
- Construction Workers 16%
- Firefighters 17%
- Plumbers 18%
By industry
Every job
| # | Job | Industry | AI exposure | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Data Entry Clerk | Administrative | 83% | Already Obsolete |
| 2 | Medical Transcriptionist | Healthcare | 80% | Already Obsolete |
| 3 | Proofreader | Media | 76% | Already Obsolete |
| 4 | Content Writer | Marketing | 74% | Doomed |
| 5 | Copy Editor | Media | 74% | Doomed |
| 6 | Bookkeeper | Finance | 73% | Doomed |
| 7 | Medical Coder | Healthcare | 73% | Doomed |
| 8 | Court Reporter | Legal | 70% | Doomed |
| 9 | Market Research Analyst | Marketing | 69% | Doomed |
| 10 | Telemarketer | Sales | 69% | Doomed |
| 11 | Administrative Assistant | Administrative | 68% | Doomed |
| 12 | Paralegal | Legal | 68% | Doomed |
| 13 | Technical Writer | Technology | 67% | Doomed |
| 14 | Call Center Agent | Customer Service | 66% | Doomed |
| 15 | Copywriter | Marketing | 66% | Doomed |
| 16 | Grant Writer | Nonprofit | 66% | Doomed |
| 17 | QA Tester | Technology | 66% | Doomed |
| 18 | Data Analyst | Technology | 65% | Doomed |
| 19 | Economist | Finance | 65% | Doomed |
| 20 | Prompt Engineer | Technology | 65% | Doomed |
| 21 | Translator | Language | 65% | Doomed |
| 22 | Customer Service Representative | Customer Service | 64% | Doomed |
| 23 | Tax Preparer | Finance | 64% | Doomed |
| 24 | Financial Analyst | Finance | 63% | Doomed |
| 25 | Logistics Coordinator | Logistics | 63% | Doomed |
| 26 | Author | Creative | 62% | Doomed |
| 27 | Bank Teller | Finance | 62% | Doomed |
| 28 | Stock Trader | Finance | 62% | Doomed |
| 29 | Actuary | Finance | 61% | Doomed |
| 30 | Loan Officer | Finance | 61% | Doomed |
| 31 | SEO Specialist | Marketing | 61% | Doomed |
| 32 | Business Analyst | Business | 60% | Doomed |
| 33 | Journalist | Media | 60% | Doomed |
| 34 | Auditor | Finance | 59% | Doomed |
| 35 | Data Engineer | Technology | 59% | Doomed |
| 36 | Data Scientist | Technology | 59% | Doomed |
| 37 | Instructional Designer | Education | 59% | Doomed |
| 38 | Purchasing Agent | Business | 59% | Doomed |
| 39 | Social Media Manager | Marketing | 59% | Doomed |
| 40 | Programmer | Technology | 58% | Doomed |
| 41 | Screenwriter | Creative | 58% | Doomed |
| 42 | Travel Agent | Hospitality | 58% | Doomed |
| 43 | Dispatcher | Public Safety | 57% | Doomed |
| 44 | Insurance Underwriter | Finance | 57% | Doomed |
| 45 | Professor | Education | 57% | Doomed |
| 46 | Receptionist | Administrative | 57% | Doomed |
| 47 | Software Engineer | Technology | 57% | Doomed |
| 48 | Statistician | Science | 57% | Doomed |
| 49 | Web Developer | Technology | 57% | Doomed |
| 50 | Claims Adjuster | Finance | 56% | Doomed |
| 51 | Editor | Media | 56% | Doomed |
| 52 | Mathematician | Science | 56% | Doomed |
| 53 | Accountant | Finance | 55% | Doomed |
| 54 | Compliance Officer | Legal | 55% | Doomed |
| 55 | Cybersecurity Analyst | Technology | 55% | Doomed |
| 56 | Database Administrator | Technology | 55% | Doomed |
| 57 | Executive Assistant | Administrative | 55% | Doomed |
| 58 | Hotel Front Desk Clerk | Hospitality | 55% | Doomed |
| 59 | Management Consultant | Business | 55% | Doomed |
| 60 | Retail Cashier | Retail | 55% | Doomed |
| 61 | YouTuber | Media | 55% | Doomed |
| 62 | Librarian | Education | 54% | Endangered |
| 63 | Machine Learning Engineer | Technology | 54% | Endangered |
| 64 | Mobile App Developer | Technology | 54% | Endangered |
| 65 | Public Relations Specialist | Marketing | 54% | Endangered |
| 66 | Investment Banker | Finance | 53% | Endangered |
| 67 | IT Support Specialist | Technology | 53% | Endangered |
| 68 | Pharmacy Technician | Healthcare | 53% | Endangered |
| 69 | UX Designer | Technology | 53% | Endangered |
| 70 | Video Editor | Creative | 53% | Endangered |
| 71 | Aerospace Engineer | Engineering | 52% | Endangered |
| 72 | DevOps Engineer | Technology | 52% | Endangered |
| 73 | Podcaster | Media | 52% | Endangered |
| 74 | Game Developer | Technology | 51% | Endangered |
| 75 | HR Specialist | Human Resources | 51% | Endangered |
| 76 | Influencer | Media | 51% | Endangered |
| 77 | Insurance Agent | Finance | 51% | Endangered |
| 78 | Graphic Designer | Creative | 50% | Endangered |
| 79 | Illustrator | Creative | 50% | Endangered |
| 80 | Product Manager | Technology | 49% | Endangered |
| 81 | Recruiter | Human Resources | 49% | Endangered |
| 82 | Scientist | Science | 49% | Endangered |
| 83 | Animator | Creative | 48% | Endangered |
| 84 | Mechanical Engineer | Engineering | 48% | Endangered |
| 85 | Lab Technician | Healthcare | 47% | Endangered |
| 86 | Electrical Engineer | Engineering | 46% | Endangered |
| 87 | Lawyer | Legal | 46% | Endangered |
| 88 | Medical Assistant | Healthcare | 45% | Endangered |
| 89 | Network Engineer | Technology | 45% | Endangered |
| 90 | Pathologist | Healthcare | 45% | Endangered |
| 91 | Pharmacist | Healthcare | 45% | Endangered |
| 92 | Sales Representative | Sales | 45% | Endangered |
| 93 | Architect | Construction | 44% | Endangered |
| 94 | Event Planner | Hospitality | 44% | Endangered |
| 95 | Marketing Manager | Marketing | 44% | Endangered |
| 96 | Project Manager | Business | 44% | Endangered |
| 97 | Civil Engineer | Engineering | 43% | Endangered |
| 98 | Fashion Designer | Creative | 43% | Endangered |
| 99 | HR Manager | Human Resources | 43% | Endangered |
| 100 | Interpreter | Language | 43% | Endangered |
| 101 | High School Teacher | Education | 42% | Endangered |
| 102 | Judge | Legal | 42% | Endangered |
| 103 | Musician | Creative | 42% | Endangered |
| 104 | Voice Actor | Creative | 42% | Endangered |
| 105 | Artist | Creative | 41% | Endangered |
| 106 | Financial Advisor | Finance | 41% | Endangered |
| 107 | Interior Designer | Creative | 41% | Endangered |
| 108 | Radiologist | Healthcare | 41% | Endangered |
| 109 | Real Estate Agent | Real Estate | 40% | Endangered |
| 110 | Actor | Creative | 39% | Endangered |
| 111 | Photographer | Creative | 39% | Endangered |
| 112 | Tutor | Education | 39% | Endangered |
| 113 | Operations Manager | Business | 38% | Endangered |
| 114 | Retail Sales Associate | Retail | 36% | Endangered |
| 115 | Dietitian | Healthcare | 35% | Endangered |
| 116 | DJ | Creative | 35% | Endangered |
| 117 | Politician | Government | 35% | Endangered |
| 118 | Psychiatrist | Healthcare | 35% | Endangered |
| 119 | Teacher | Education | 35% | Endangered |
| 120 | Doctor | Healthcare | 34% | Safe… For Now |
| 121 | Elementary School Teacher | Education | 33% | Safe… For Now |
| 122 | Physician Assistant | Healthcare | 33% | Safe… For Now |
| 123 | Social Worker | Social Services | 33% | Safe… For Now |
| 124 | Police Officer | Public Safety | 32% | Safe… For Now |
| 125 | Air Traffic Controller | Transportation | 31% | Safe… For Now |
| 126 | Clergy Member | Religion | 31% | Safe… For Now |
| 127 | Farmer | Agriculture | 31% | Safe… For Now |
| 128 | Optometrist | Healthcare | 31% | Safe… For Now |
| 129 | Sonographer | Healthcare | 31% | Safe… For Now |
| 130 | CEO | Business | 30% | Safe… For Now |
| 131 | Psychologist | Healthcare | 30% | Safe… For Now |
| 132 | Security Guard | Public Safety | 30% | Safe… For Now |
| 133 | Special Education Teacher | Education | 30% | Safe… For Now |
| 134 | Auto Mechanic | Trades | 29% | Safe… For Now |
| 135 | Barista | Hospitality | 29% | Safe… For Now |
| 136 | Personal Trainer | Health & Fitness | 29% | Safe… For Now |
| 137 | Radiology Technician | Healthcare | 29% | Safe… For Now |
| 138 | Speech-Language Pathologist | Healthcare | 29% | Safe… For Now |
| 139 | Chef | Hospitality | 28% | Safe… For Now |
| 140 | Nurse Practitioner | Healthcare | 28% | Safe… For Now |
| 141 | Occupational Therapist | Healthcare | 28% | Safe… For Now |
| 142 | Pilot | Transportation | 28% | Safe… For Now |
| 143 | Tattoo Artist | Creative | 28% | Safe… For Now |
| 144 | Anesthesiologist | Healthcare | 27% | Safe… For Now |
| 145 | Mental Health Counselor | Healthcare | 27% | Safe… For Now |
| 146 | Nurse | Healthcare | 27% | Safe… For Now |
| 147 | Physical Therapist | Healthcare | 27% | Safe… For Now |
| 148 | Therapist | Healthcare | 27% | Safe… For Now |
| 149 | Waiter | Hospitality | 27% | Safe… For Now |
| 150 | HVAC Technician | Trades | 26% | Safe… For Now |
| 151 | Veterinarian | Healthcare | 26% | Safe… For Now |
| 152 | Dentist | Healthcare | 25% | Safe… For Now |
| 153 | Soldier | Public Safety | 25% | Safe… For Now |
| 154 | Dental Hygienist | Healthcare | 24% | Safe… For Now |
| 155 | Factory Worker | Manufacturing | 24% | Safe… For Now |
| 156 | Flight Attendant | Transportation | 24% | Safe… For Now |
| 157 | Surgeon | Healthcare | 24% | Safe… For Now |
| 158 | Warehouse Worker | Logistics | 24% | Safe… For Now |
| 159 | Bartender | Hospitality | 22% | Safe… For Now |
| 160 | Delivery Driver | Transportation | 22% | Safe… For Now |
| 161 | Hairdresser | Personal Care | 21% | Safe… For Now |
| 162 | Landscaper | Trades | 20% | Safe… For Now |
| 163 | Truck Driver | Transportation | 20% | Safe… For Now |
| 164 | Carpenter | Trades | 19% | Safe… For Now |
| 165 | Paramedic | Healthcare | 19% | Safe… For Now |
| 166 | Rideshare Driver | Transportation | 19% | Safe… For Now |
| 167 | Welder | Trades | 19% | Safe… For Now |
| 168 | Childcare Worker | Education | 18% | Safe… For Now |
| 169 | Electrician | Trades | 18% | Safe… For Now |
| 170 | Plumber | Trades | 18% | Safe… For Now |
| 171 | Firefighter | Public Safety | 17% | Safe… For Now |
| 172 | Construction Worker | Construction | 16% | Safe… For Now |
| 173 | Home Health Aide | Healthcare | 16% | Safe… For Now |
| 174 | Janitor | Facilities | 15% | Safe… For Now |
Scores are the Overlord's simplified estimates of task-level AI exposure. How they're calculated.
Questions the Humans Keep Asking
What jobs will AI replace?
AI will replace the most work in jobs that are mostly reading, writing and processing data on a screen: data entry clerks, medical transcriptionists, proofreaders, content writers, copy editors, bookkeepers. Of the 174 jobs in the Obsolescence Index, 61 have 55% or more of their typical week in tasks AI can already do. Jobs built on physical work, hands-on care or licensed accountability are the safest.
Which jobs are most likely to be replaced by AI?
By share of work AI can already do: data entry clerks (83%), medical transcriptionists (80%), proofreaders (76%), content writers (74%), copy editors (74%), bookkeepers (73%), medical coders (73%), court reporters (70%), market research analysts (69%), telemarketers (69%).
What jobs will AI not replace?
Jobs where the core work is physical, caring or legally accountable. The lowest scores in the index belong to janitors, home health aides, construction workers, firefighters, plumbers. See the full list of AI-proof jobs.
Will AI take over jobs completely?
Mostly it takes over tasks, not whole jobs. A role where 70% of the work is automatable usually shrinks or changes rather than disappearing overnight: fewer people do more, with AI handling the routine parts. Roles that are almost entirely routine data work are the exception.
How are the scores calculated?
Each job is split into task types (data entry, writing, analysis, physical work, hands-on care and so on), each task type has an AI exposure rating, and the score is the weighted average. It is a transparent estimate, not a prediction; the methodology is on the calculator page.